Masterda Surya Sen – the Revolutionary Icon of Chittagong

Masterda Surya Sen was one of the first freedom fighters with revolutionary ideas. He not only initiated the revolutionary movement but also inspired many others to follow the path and liberate the nation from the clutches of British forces.

Early Life and Ideological Awakening of Masterda Surya Sen

Masterda Surya Sen was Born on March 22, 1894, in the quaint village of Noapara, Rauzan, Chittagong. His childhood was marked by tragedy as he lost his parents early on. Raised by his uncle, Sen’s journey towards revolutionary fervor began during his college years at Behrampore College, where a police raid on the hostel sparked his interest in radical politics. Influenced by a teacher, Sen delved deeper into nationalist ideologies, dedicating himself to the cause of liberating his motherland from British rule.

Leadership in Chittagong

Masterda Surya Sen’s return to Chittagong in 1918 marked the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian National Congress. Rising through the ranks, he became the President of the Chittagong branch, revitalizing revolutionary activities against British rule. His unwavering commitment to the nationalist cause led him to eschew employment under British imperialism, opting instead to teach at a local private school after completing his bachelor’s degree. Sen’s leadership during the first Non-Cooperation Movement left an indelible impact on the people of Chittagong, inspiring mass boycotts of official institutions and fostering a spirit of Swadeshi nationalism.

Radicalism and Conflict with the Congress

Despite his allegiance to the Indian National Congress, Masterda Surya Sen’s ideological differences with the party’s leadership soon became apparent. While the official Congress stance advocated for non-violence, Sen and his radical colleagues believed that the colonial liberation movement must not be bound by inhibiting conditions. This discord prompted Sen to spearhead the formation of a radical wing within the Congress, comprising disciplined and dedicated youth committed to the cause of liberation through any means necessary.

Empowering Women in the Revolution

Mastrda Surya Sen’s revolutionary endeavors were not confined to men alone. His encounter with Pritilata Waddedar, a young woman from Chittagong, marked a significant departure from traditional gender roles in the freedom struggle. Despite societal norms prohibiting women from joining revolutionary parties, Sen accepted Pritilata as the first female member of his group. Pritilata’s unwavering courage and dedication saw her actively participating in daring operations against British establishments, becoming an inspiration for women across the nation.

The Birth of Jugantar: A Revolutionary Movement by Masterda Surya Sen

Sen’s vision extended beyond mere protests and strikes. Recognizing the need for a more organized and covert approach, he established branches of the revolutionary organization Jugantar across different parts of the Chittagong district. Jugantar, meaning ‘The Universe,’ became a symbol of resistance against British colonial rule, employing guerrilla warfare tactics to undermine British authority. Sen’s strategic acumen and leadership were evident in the successful execution of operations, including a brazen daylight robbery at the Assam-Bengal Railway treasury office.

The Chittagong Armoury Raid: A Defining Moment

The pinnacle of Sen’s revolutionary career came with the meticulously planned Chittagong Armoury Raid on 18th April 1930. In a daring display of defiance, Sen and his comrades launched simultaneous attacks on key British targets, including police and auxiliary force armouries. The capture of these establishments marked a significant blow to British authority in Chittagong. Under Sen’s leadership, the unfurling of the Indian independence flag signaled the birth of a provisional revolutionary democratic government, inspiring hope and solidarity among the masses.

Escalating Resistance and Fugitive Life

As the conflict with British forces intensified, Sen, along with Pritilata and other comrades, was forced into a life of fugitive existence. Betrayals and police crackdowns threatened their operations, compelling them to live underground and orchestrate attacks on symbols of British oppression. Despite the constant threat of capture, Sen remained resolute in his commitment to the cause of liberation, inspiring others with his unwavering determination.

The Enduring Legacy of Masterda Surya Sen

Masterda Surya Sen’s legacy extends far beyond his own lifetime. His unwavering commitment to the cause of Indian independence and his strategic brilliance continue to inspire generations of freedom fighters. Sen’s vision of an inclusive revolution, coupled with his empowerment of women in the struggle, remains a testament to his enduring influence on the nationalist movement. Though his life was tragically cut short with his capture and subsequent execution by British authorities, Sen’s legacy lives on as a symbol of courage, resilience, and unwavering dedication to the cause of freedom.

Continuing Impact and Inspirations Sen’s influence did not end with his death; instead, it ignited a fire of resistance and determination in the hearts of countless individuals across India. His martyrdom galvanized the spirit of freedom and inspired many to join the struggle against British colonialism. The principles he stood for—equality, justice, and national pride—continue to resonate in modern India, serving as guiding lights for those fighting against oppression and injustice.

Commemorating Masterda Surya Sen’s Legacy

As we commemorate the life and legacy of Surya Kumar Sen, we honor not just a historical figure, but a symbol of courage, resilience, and unwavering dedication to the cause of freedom. Sen’s sacrifices and contributions to the Indian independence movement serve as a reminder of the power of collective action and the importance of fighting for justice and equality. Let us draw inspiration from his life and continue to strive towards creating a world free from oppression and tyranny.

Honoring the Martyrdom of Masterda Surya Sen

The sacrifices made by Masterda Surya Sen, the revolutionary leader who fearlessly challenged British colonial rule, continue to reverberate through history. Even in the face of brutal torture and eventual execution, Sen remained steadfast in his commitment to the cause of India’s freedom. His martyrdom, alongside fellow freedom fighter Tarakeswar Dastidar, serves as a poignant reminder of the price paid by those who dared to challenge oppression.

On January 12, 1934, at the age of 39, Surya Sen was brutally tortured by the police before being hanged, leaving an indelible mark on the struggle for independence. Alongside Sen, Tarakeswar Dastidar, who had tried to rescue Sen from the prison, was also hanged by the authorities. In recognition of their bravery and sacrifice, both the Indian and Bangladeshi governments have immortalized Masterda Surya Sen through the issuance of postage stamps, ensuring that his legacy endures for generations to come. Kolkata has a metro railway station and a street named after him as well.

“Death is knocking at my door. My mind is flying away towards eternity …At such a pleasant, at such a grave, at such a solemn moment, what shall I leave behind you? Only one thing, that is my dream, a golden dream-the dream of Free India…. Never forget the 18th of April,1930, the day of the eastern Rebellion in Chittagong… Write in red letters in the core of your hearts the names of the patriots who have sacrificed their lives at the altar of India’s freedom,”

Written by Masterda Surya Sen in his last letter to his comrades before his execution.

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Read the book “Masterda Surya Sen” by Praveen Sharma, published by National Book Trust, Government of India